In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas is arguably the biggest court case. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson which stated "separate but equal" was no longer true. Blacks were denied the right to go to white schools which were far superior than black schools. The courts decision was in favor of Brown that blacks could go to integrated white schools.
I agree with the decision full on that blacks should be allowed in white schools. It wasn't fair that Brown's daughter couldn't go to a school that was a couple of blocks away just because it was a white school. I think that it was good that Chief Justice Earl Warren passed this because in his previous years as governor of California, he had mandated the internment of the Japanese. It is kind of ironic that he was the one to approve this after such a harsh ruling earlier.
This court ruling helped the civil rights movement a great deal. If it were not for this case, who knows where we would be today. The difference between this case and Sweatt v. Painter was that Sweatt dealt with universities, and the University of Texas Law School in particular, while Brown dealt with public education facilities for grades K-12.
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